▲ 디지털 ID 산업의 발전 전략 [출처=iNIS]디지털 ID(Digital Identity) 분야에서 상호운용(interoperable)이 가능하고 안전한 서비스 보장을 위한 표준에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 다양한 표준 조직 및 산업 기관이 활동하는 이유다.디지털 ID 표준을 개발하는 곳은 유럽표준화기구(European Standardisation Organistions), 국제표준화기구(International Standardisation Organisations), 상업 포럼 및 컨소시엄, 국가기관 등 다양하다.산업단체와 포럼은 공식적으로 표준화 조직으로 간주되지 않지만 디지털 ID 영역을 포함한 특정 영역에서는 사실상의 표준을 제공하고 있다.몇몇의 경우 이들 단체들이 추가 비준을 위해 자신들이 생산한 사양을 ISO/IEC, ITU 통신 표준화 부문(ITU-T), ETSI 등 표준 기관에 제출할 수 있다.이러한 산업단체 및 포럼에는 △인증기관브라우저 포럼(Certification Authority Browser Forum,  CA/Browser Forum) △클라우드 서명 컨소시엄(Cloud Signature Consortium, CSC) △국제자금세탁방지기구(Financial Action Task Force, FATF) △신속온라인인증(Fast Identity Online, FIDO) △국제인터넷표준화기구(Internet Engineering Task Force, IETF) △구조화 정보 표준 개발기구(오아시스)(Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards, OASIS) △오픈ID(OpenID) △SOG-IS(Senior Officials Group-Information Systems Security) △W3C(World Wide Web Consortium) 등이다.구조화 정보 표준 개발기구(Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards, OASIS)는 공급업체와 사용자의 컨소시엄으로 시작됐다.오늘날 사이버보안(cybersecurity), 블록체인(blockchain), 사물인터넷(internet of things, IoT), 비상 경영(emergency management), 클라우드 컴퓨팅(cloud computing) 등 프로젝트를 발전시키는 대규모 비영리 표준 조직이다.오아시스는 '디지털 서명 서비스 핵심 프로토콜, 요소, 바인딩'과 같은 디지털 서명과 관련된 프로토콜, 프로필 등 기술 사양을 개발해왔다.오아시스는 ISO에 협력하고 있는 조직으로 각 기술위원회(TC) 또는 분과위원회(SC)가 다루는 문제에 대해 기술위원회(TC) 또는 분과위원회(SC)의 업무에 효과적으로 기여하는 조직(A liaisons)이다.기여하고 있는 기술위원회 및 분과위원회는 다음과 같다.▷ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 6 시스템 간 통신 및 정보 교환▷ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 문서 설명 및 처리 언어▷ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 38 클라우드 컴퓨팅 및 분산 플랫폼▷ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 40 IT 서비스 관리 및 IT 거버넌스▷ISO/TC 12 수량 및 단위▷ISO/TC 37 언어 및 용어▷ISO/TC 37/SC 5 번역, 통역 및 관련 기술▷ISO/TC 46/SC 4 기술적 상호 운용성▷ISO/TC 154 상업, 산업 및 행정 분야의 프로세스, 데이터 요소 및 문서▷ISO/TC 184/SC 4 산업 데이터▷ISO/TC 211 지리정보/지리학또한 오아시스는 2005년 10월 21일 Working Draft 34에서 Digital Signature Service Core Protocols, Elements, and Bindings Version 1.0을 발표했다.이후 2019년 12월 11일 'Digital Signature Service Core Protocols, Elements, and Bindings Version 2.0 Committee Specification 02'가 발표됐다.버전 2.0의 목차를 살펴보면 다음과 같다.■목차(Table of Contents)1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................101.1 IPR Policy .........................................................................................................................................101.2 Terminology ......................................................................................................................................101.2.1 Terms and Definitions ...............................................................................................................101.2.2 Abbreviated Terms ....................................................................................................................101.3 Normative References ......................................................................................................................101.4 Non-Normative References ..............................................................................................................121.5 Typographical Conventions ..............................................................................................................131.6 DSS Overview (Non-normative) .......................................................................................................132 Design Considerations .......................................................................................................................152.1 Version 2.0 goal [non-normative]......................................................................................................152.2 Transforming DSS 1.0 into 2.0 .........................................................................................................152.2.1 Circumventing xs:any ................................................................................................................152.2.2 Substituting the mixed Schema Attribute ..................................................................................162.2.3 Introducing the NsPrefixMappingType Component.............................................................162.2.4 Imported XML schemes ............................................................................................................162.2.5 Syntax variants..........................................................................................................................172.2.6 JSON Syntax Extensions ..........................................................................................................172.3 Construction Principles .....................................................................................................................172.3.1 Multi Syntax approach...............................................................................................................172.4 Schema Organization and Namespaces ..........................................................................................182.5 DSS Component Overview...............................................................................................................192.5.1 Schema Extensions...................................................................................................................193 Data Type Models ..............................................................................................................................213.1 Boolean Model..................................................................................................................................213.2 Integer Model....................................................................................................................................213.3 String Model......................................................................................................................................213.4 Binary Data Model ............................................................................................................................213.5 URI Model.........................................................................................................................................213.6 Unique Identifier Model.....................................................................................................................213.7 Date and Time Model .......................................................................................................................213.8 Lang Model .......................................................................................................................................214 Data Structure Models........................................................................................................................224.1 Data Structure Models defined in this document..............................................................................224.1.1 Component NsPrefixMapping ...................................................................................................224.1.1.1 NsPrefixMapping – JSON Syntax ......................................................................................................224.1.1.2 NsPrefixMapping – XML Syntax ........................................................................................................224.2 Data Structure Models defined in this document..............................................................................234.2.1 Component InternationalString..................................................................................................234.2.1.1 InternationalString – JSON Syntax ....................................................................................................234.2.1.2 InternationalString – XML Syntax.......................................................................................................244.2.2 Component DigestInfo...............................................................................................................244.2.2.1 DigestInfo – JSON Syntax .................................................................................................................244.2.2.2 DigestInfo – XML Syntax ...................................................................................................................254.2.3 Component AttachmentReference............................................................................................254.2.3.1 AttachmentReference – JSON Syntax...............................................................................................254.2.3.2 AttachmentReference – XML Syntax.................................................................................................264.2.4 Component Any.........................................................................................................................264.2.4.1 Any – JSON Syntax ...........................................................................................................................274.2.4.2 Any – XML Syntax .............................................................................................................................274.2.5 Component Base64Data ...........................................................................................................274.2.5.1 Base64Data – JSON Syntax..............................................................................................................284.2.5.2 Base64Data – XML Syntax................................................................................................................294.2.6 Component SignaturePtr...........................................................................................................304.2.6.1 SignaturePtr – JSON Syntax..............................................................................................................314.2.6.2 SignaturePtr – XML Syntax................................................................................................................324.2.7 Component Result.....................................................................................................................334.2.7.1 Result – JSON Syntax .......................................................................................................................334.2.7.2 Result – XML Syntax .........................................................................................................................344.2.8 Component OptionalInputs........................................................................................................344.2.8.1 OptionalInputs – JSON Syntax ..........................................................................................................354.2.8.2 OptionalInputs – XML Syntax.............................................................................................................354.2.9 Component OptionalOutputs.....................................................................................................354.2.9.1 OptionalOutputs – JSON Syntax........................................................................................................354.2.9.2 OptionalOutputs – XML Syntax..........................................................................................................364.2.10 Component RequestBase .......................................................................................................364.2.10.1 RequestBase – JSON Syntax..........................................................................................................364.2.10.2 RequestBase – XML Syntax ............................................................................................................364.2.11 Component ResponseBase ....................................................................................................374.2.11.1 ResponseBase – JSON Syntax .......................................................................................................374.2.11.2 ResponseBase – XML Syntax .........................................................................................................384.3 Operation requests and responses ..................................................................................................384.3.1 Component SignRequest ..........................................................................................................384.3.1.1 SignRequest – JSON Syntax.............................................................................................................384.3.1.2 SignRequest – XML Syntax ...............................................................................................................394.3.2 Component SignResponse .......................................................................................................394.3.2.1 SignResponse – JSON Syntax ..........................................................................................................404.3.2.2 SignResponse – XML Syntax ............................................................................................................414.3.3 Component VerifyRequest ........................................................................................................414.3.3.1 VerifyRequest – JSON Syntax...........................................................................................................414.3.3.2 VerifyRequest – XML Syntax .............................................................................................................424.3.4 Component VerifyResponse .....................................................................................................434.3.4.1 VerifyResponse – JSON Syntax ........................................................................................................434.3.4.2 VerifyResponse – XML Syntax ..........................................................................................................434.3.5 Component PendingRequest ....................................................................................................444.3.5.1 PendingRequest – JSON Syntax.......................................................................................................444.3.5.2 PendingRequest – XML Syntax .........................................................................................................454.4 Optional data structures defined in this document ...........................................................................454.4.1 Component RequestID..............................................................................................................454.4.1.1 RequestID – JSON Syntax ................................................................................................................454.4.1.2 RequestID – XML Syntax...................................................................................................................454.4.2 Component ResponseID ...........................................................................................................454.4.2.1 ResponseID – JSON Syntax..............................................................................................................464.4.2.2 ResponseID – XML Syntax................................................................................................................464.4.3 Component OptionalInputsBase ...............................................................................................464.4.3.1 OptionalInputsBase – JSON Syntax ..................................................................................................474.4.3.2 OptionalInputsBase – XML Syntax ....................................................................................................474.4.4 Component OptionalInputsSign ................................................................................................484.4.4.1 OptionalInputsSign – JSON Syntax ...................................................................................................494.4.4.2 OptionalInputsSign – XML Syntax .....................................................................................................514.4.5 Component OptionalInputsVerify ..............................................................................................524.4.5.1 OptionalInputsVerify – JSON Syntax .................................................................................................534.4.5.2 OptionalInputsVerify – XML Syntax ...................................................................................................554.4.6 Component OptionalOutputsBase ............................................................................................564.4.6.1 OptionalOutputsBase – JSON Syntax ...............................................................................................564.4.6.2 OptionalOutputsBase – XML Syntax..................................................................................................564.4.7 Component OptionalOutputsSign .............................................................................................574.4.7.1 OptionalOutputsSign – JSON Syntax ................................................................................................574.4.7.2 OptionalOutputsSign – XML Syntax...................................................................................................584.4.8 Component OptionalOutputsVerify ...........................................................................................584.4.8.1 OptionalOutputsVerify – JSON Syntax ..............................................................................................594.4.8.2 OptionalOutputsVerify – XML Syntax.................................................................................................604.4.9 Component ClaimedIdentity ......................................................................................................614.4.9.1 ClaimedIdentity – JSON Syntax.........................................................................................................614.4.9.2 ClaimedIdentity – XML Syntax...........................................................................................................624.4.10 Component Schemas..............................................................................................................624.4.10.1 Schemas – JSON Syntax ................................................................................................................624.4.10.2 Schemas – XML Syntax...................................................................................................................634.4.11 Component IntendedAudience................................................................................................634.4.11.1 IntendedAudience – JSON Syntax...................................................................................................634.4.11.2 IntendedAudience – XML Syntax.....................................................................................................644.4.12 Component KeySelector .........................................................................................................644.4.12.1 KeySelector – JSON Syntax ............................................................................................................654.4.12.2 KeySelector – XML Syntax ..............................................................................................................664.4.13 Component X509Digest ..........................................................................................................664.4.13.1 X509Digest – JSON Syntax.............................................................................................................664.4.13.2 X509Digest – XML Syntax ...............................................................................................................674.4.14 Component PropertiesHolder..................................................................................................674.4.14.1 PropertiesHolder – JSON Syntax.....................................................................................................674.4.14.2 PropertiesHolder – XML Syntax.......................................................................................................684.4.15 Component Properties ............................................................................................................684.4.15.1 Properties – JSON Syntax ...............................................................................................................684.4.15.2 Properties – XML Syntax .................................................................................................................694.4.16 Component Property ...............................................................................................................694.4.16.1 Property – JSON Syntax..................................................................................................................694.4.16.2 Property – XML Syntax ....................................................................................................................704.4.17 Component IncludeObject.......................................................................................................704.4.17.1 IncludeObject – JSON Syntax..........................................................................................................714.4.17.2 IncludeObject – XML Syntax............................................................................................................724.4.18 Component SignaturePlacement ............................................................................................724.4.18.1 SignaturePlacement – JSON Syntax ...............................................................................................724.4.18.2 SignaturePlacement – XML Syntax .................................................................................................734.4.19 Component DocumentWithSignature......................................................................................744.4.19.1 DocumentWithSignature – JSON Syntax.........................................................................................744.4.19.2 DocumentWithSignature – XML Syntax...........................................................................................744.4.20 Component SignedReferences ...............................................................................................754.4.20.1 SignedReferences – JSON Syntax ..................................................................................................754.4.20.2 SignedReferences – XML Syntax ....................................................................................................754.4.21 Component SignedReference.................................................................................................764.4.21.1 SignedReference – JSON Syntax....................................................................................................764.4.21.2 SignedReference – XML Syntax......................................................................................................774.4.22 Component VerifyManifestResults ..........................................................................................774.4.22.1 VerifyManifestResults – JSON Syntax.............................................................................................774.4.22.2 VerifyManifestResults – XML Syntax ...............................................................................................784.4.23 Component ManifestResult .....................................................................................................784.4.23.1 ManifestResult – JSON Syntax........................................................................................................784.4.23.2 ManifestResult – XML Syntax..........................................................................................................794.4.24 Component UseVerificationTime.............................................................................................804.4.24.1 UseVerificationTime – JSON Syntax ...............................................................................................804.4.24.2 UseVerificationTime – XML Syntax..................................................................................................814.4.25 Component AdditionalTimeInfo...............................................................................................814.4.25.1 AdditionalTimeInfo – JSON Syntax..................................................................................................814.4.25.2 AdditionalTimeInfo – XML Syntax....................................................................................................824.4.26 Component VerificationTimeInfo.............................................................................................834.4.26.1 VerificationTimeInfo – JSON Syntax................................................................................................834.4.26.2 VerificationTimeInfo – XML Syntax ..................................................................................................834.4.27 Component AdditionalKeyInfo.................................................................................................844.4.27.1 AdditionalKeyInfo – JSON Syntax....................................................................................................844.4.27.2 AdditionalKeyInfo – XML Syntax......................................................................................................854.4.28 Component ProcessingDetails ................................................................................................864.4.28.1 ProcessingDetails – JSON Syntax...................................................................................................864.4.28.2 ProcessingDetails – XML Syntax.....................................................................................................874.4.29 Component Detail....................................................................................................................874.4.29.1 Detail – JSON Syntax ......................................................................................................................884.4.29.2 Detail – XML Syntax ........................................................................................................................894.4.30 Component SigningTimeInfo...................................................................................................894.4.30.1 SigningTimeInfo – JSON Syntax......................................................................................................894.4.30.2 SigningTimeInfo – XML Syntax........................................................................................................904.4.31 Component SigningTimeBoundaries ......................................................................................904.4.31.1 SigningTimeBoundaries – JSON Syntax .........................................................................................904.4.31.2 SigningTimeBoundaries – XML Syntax............................................................................................914.4.32 Component AugmentedSignature...........................................................................................914.4.32.1 AugmentedSignature – JSON Syntax..............................................................................................914.4.32.2 AugmentedSignature – XML Syntax ................................................................................................924.4.33 Component ReturnTransformedDocument .............................................................................934.4.33.1 ReturnTransformedDocument – JSON Syntax ................................................................................934.4.33.2 ReturnTransformedDocument – XML Syntax ..................................................................................934.4.34 Component TransformedDocument........................................................................................934.4.34.1 TransformedDocument – JSON Syntax...........................................................................................934.4.34.2 TransformedDocument – XML Syntax .............................................................................................934.5 Request/Response related data structures defined in this document..............................................944.5.1 Component InputDocuments.....................................................................................................944.5.1.1 InputDocuments – JSON Syntax .......................................................................................................944.5.1.2 InputDocuments – XML Syntax..........................................................................................................954.5.2 Component DocumentBase ......................................................................................................964.5.2.1 DocumentBase – JSON Syntax.........................................................................................................964.5.2.2 DocumentBase – XML Syntax ...........................................................................................................974.5.3 Component Document ..............................................................................................................974.5.3.1 Document – JSON Syntax .................................................................................................................974.5.3.2 Document – XML Syntax ...................................................................................................................984.5.4 Component TransformedData...................................................................................................984.5.4.1 TransformedData – JSON Syntax......................................................................................................994.5.4.2 TransformedData – XML Syntax......................................................................................................1004.5.5 Component DocumentHash ....................................................................................................1004.5.5.1 DocumentHash – JSON Syntax.......................................................................................................1014.5.5.2 DocumentHash – XML Syntax.........................................................................................................1024.5.6 Component SignatureObject ...................................................................................................1024.5.6.1 SignatureObject – JSON Syntax......................................................................................................1034.5.6.2 SignatureObject – XML Syntax........................................................................................................1044.6 Referenced Data Structure Models from other documents ............................................................1044.6.1 Component NameID................................................................................................................1044.6.1.1 NameID – JSON Syntax ..................................................................................................................1054.6.1.2 NameID – XML Syntax ....................................................................................................................1064.6.2 Component Transforms...........................................................................................................1064.6.2.1 Transforms – JSON Syntax .............................................................................................................1064.6.2.2 Transforms – XML Syntax ...............................................................................................................1074.6.3 Component Transform ............................................................................................................1074.6.3.1 Transform – JSON Syntax ...............................................................................................................1074.6.3.2 Transform – XML Syntax .................................................................................................................1084.7 Element / JSON name lookup tables..............................................................................................1095 Data Processing Model for Signing ..................................................................................................1185.1 Processing for XML Signatures ......................................................................................................1185.1.1 Sub process ‘process references’...................................................................................1185.1.2 Sub process ‘create XML signature’ ..............................................................................1205.1.2.1 XML Signatures Variant Optional Input IncludeObject...............................................................1205.2 Processing for CMS Signatures......................................................................................................1215.2.1 Sub process ‘process digest’ ...........................................................................................1215.2.2 Sub process ‘create CMS signature’ ..............................................................................1225.3 General Processing ........................................................................................................................1235.3.1 Multi-Signature Creation..........................................................................................................1235.3.2 Sub process ‘add Timestamp’..............................................................................................1235.3.2.1 Processing for CMS signatures time-stamping ................................................................................1245.3.2.2 Processing for XML Timestamps on XML signatures ......................................................................1245.3.2.3 Processing for RFC 3161 Timestamps on XML signatures .............................................................1256 Data Processing Model for Verification ............................................................................................1266.1 Processing for XML Signature Verification .....................................................................................1276.1.1 Sub process ‘retrieve XML signature’ ..........................................................................1276.1.2 Sub process ‘recalculate references’ ..........................................................................1286.1.3 Sub process ‘verify XML signature’ ..............................................................................1296.1.3.1 Processing for RFC 3161 timestamp tokens on XML Signatures ....................................................1296.1.3.2 Processing for XML timestamp tokens on XML signatures..............................................................1306.2 Processing for CMS Signature Verification ....................................................................................1306.2.1 Sub process ‘retrieve CMS signature’ ..........................................................................1316.2.2 Sub process ‘verify CMS signature’ ..............................................................................1316.2.2.1 Processing for RFC 3161 Timestamp tokens on CMS Signatures...................................................1326.3 General Processing ........................................................................................................................1326.3.1 Multi-Signature Verification .....................................................................................................1326.3.2 Sub process ‘augment Signature’ ...........................................................................................1336.3.3 Sub process ‘timestamp Signature’.........................................................................................1346.3.4 Task ‘build VerifyResponse’ ....................................................................................................1357 Asynchronous Processing Model .....................................................................................................1377.1 Asynchronous-only Processing ......................................................................................................1377.2 Enforcing Asynchronous Processing..............................................................................................1388 DSS Core Bindings...........................................................................................................................1398.1 HTTP POST Transport Binding ......................................................................................................1398.2 SOAP 1.2 Transport Binding ..........................................................................................................1398.3 Security Bindings ............................................................................................................................1409 DSS-Defined Identifiers ....................................................................................................................1419.1 Signature Type Identifiers...............................................................................................................1419.1.1 XML Signature.........................................................................................................................1419.1.2 XML TimeStampToken............................................................................................................1419.1.3 RFC 3161 TimeStampToken...................................................................................................1419.1.4 CMS Signature ........................................................................................................................1419.1.5 PGP Signature.........................................................................................................................1419.2 ResultMinors...................................................................................................................................14110 Security Considerations ...................................................................................................................14310.1 Well-Known Attack Vectors ..........................................................................................................14310.1.1 XML Parsing Vulnerabilities [non-normative] ........................................................................14310.1.2 XML Canonicalization Vulnerabilities [non-normative]..........................................................14310.1.3 Injection Attacks [non-normative] ..........................................................................................14310.1.4 JSON Deserialization Through Evaluation Attacks [non-normative].....................................14311 Conformance ....................................................................................................................................14511.1 Conformance as a DSS version 2.0 document ............................................................................14511.1.1 Conformance for JSON format..............................................................................................14511.1.2 Conformance for XML format ................................................................................................14511.1.3 Conformance for DSS Server................................................................................................14511.1.4 Conformance for DSS Client .................................................................................................145Appendix A. Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................146Appendix B. Index of Components and Elements ....................................................................................147Appendix C. List of Figures .......................................................................................................................148Appendix D. Revision History....................................................................................................................149

스위스 글로벌 금융기관인 크레디트스위스(Credit Suisse)에 따르면 오스트레일리아 정부가 향후 2년 이내에 플라스틱 쓰레기에 긴급세를 부과할 것으로 전망된다.중국의 쓰레기 수입금지 이후 국내 쓰레기량이 너무 많아 처리가 원활하지 않기 때문이다. 산업계 전반의 플라스틱 쓰레기 문제에 대해 정부가 개입을 자제해 왔지만 더이상 자율에만 맡길 수 없는 것으로 판단하고 있다. 오스트레일리아 암호화폐 스타트업 파워레저(Power Ledger)에 따르면 블록체인(blockchain) 기술을 기반으로 하는 자사의 P2P 신재생에너지 플랫폼을 론칭할 예정이다. 주택 지붕의 태양광패널 설치로 신재생에너지 전력을 생성하는 개인들이 잉여 전력을 이웃과 거래할 수 있도록 도움을 주기 위한 목적이다. 정당한 거래를 통해 투자금을 회수할 수 있도록 지원할 방침이다. 오스트레일리아 통계청(ABS)에 따르면 2018년 9월분기 기준 전국의 시간당 임금은 0.6% 상승한 것으로 조사됐다. 연간 기준으로는 2.3% 이상 올랐다.2018년 연간 임금성장률은 지난 3년내 최고치를 기록할 것으로 전망된다. 2018년 9월분기 민간 부문 근로자들의 임금은 0.5%, 연간 기준으로는 2.1% 각각 올랐다. ▲직업교육을 받고 있는 청년들(출처 : 통계청(ABS)홈페이지)

스위스 글로벌 금융기관인 크레디트스위스(Credit Suisse)에 따르면 오스트레일리아 정부가 향후 2년 이내에 플라스틱 쓰레기에 긴급세를 부과할 것으로 전망된다.중국의 쓰레기 수입금지 이후 국내 쓰레기량이 너무 많아 처리가 원활하지 않기 때문이다. 산업계 전반의 플라스틱 쓰레기 문제에 대해 정부가 개입을 자제해 왔지만 더이상 자율에만 맡길 수 없는 것으로 판단하고 있다.크레디트스위스는 정부가 재활용이 불가능한 플라스틱 쓰레기에 대해 긴급세를 부과해야 한다고 지적한다. 또한 수입되는 플라스틱 제품에 대한 관세를 더 높이고, 1회용 비닐봉지 사용 금지, 재활용 원료로 제조된 제품에 대한 세금혜택 등을 강력하게 추진해야 한다고 주장한다.정부는 2030년까지 쓰레기 매립량의 80%를 재활용하는 방안을 검토할 방침이다. 또한 2025년까지 모든 포장재의 30%를 재활용되는 원료로 만들도록 강제할 계획이다. ▲국내에 쌓여있는 플라스틱 쓰레기(출처 : 정부 홈페이지)

남아프리카공화국 택시운전업체 Emergency Taxi에 따르면 2018년 7월 전통적적인 미터 계량기 택시와 파트너쉽을 체결할 계획이다. 우버(Uber)와 Taxify 등과 경쟁에서 우위를 점유하기 위한 목적이다. 미터 계량기가 장착된 택시 서비스에 대한 소비자 불편을 감소 시키고, 청년 일자리를 포함한 일자리 창출이 전망된다. 중국 LED전문제조기업 Kamisafe(Shenzhen Kang Ming Sheng Technology Industry Incorporation)에 따르면 나이지리아 재생 및 청정에너지 제조시설을 건설할 계획이다. 이번 건설은 해당사의 장기간 계획의 일환으로 나이지리아를 포함해 아프리카 대륙 내에서 상품을 출시하기 위한 목적이다. 르완다 정부에 따르면 2016년 중고 옷 수입에 대한 관세인상으로 인해 현재 중고 옷산업의 타격이 큰 것으로 조사됐다. 아프리카 대륙에서 2016년 중고 옷 수입국 순위는 3위로 하락됐다. 2016년 수입 관세 목록에서 중고 의류는 12배, 중고 신발류 10배로 각각 인상됐다. 미국산 중고 옷 판매가 성행하는 것을 줄이기 위한 목적이었지만 무역전쟁 여파로 국내 수입 및 판매업자들의 생활에 위협을 주고 있는 것이다. ▲정부 로고