▲ 중국 국가 표준화 관리위원회(国家标准化管理委员会, Standardization Administration of the P. R. C, SAC)) 홈페이지스위스 제네바에 본부를 두고 있는 국제표준화기구(ISO)에서 활동 중인 기술위원회(Technical Committeee, TC)는 TC 1~TC 323까지 구성돼 있다.기술위원회의 역할은 기술관리부가 승인한 작업범위 내 작업 프로그램 입안, 실행, 국제규격의 작성 등이다. 또한 산하 분과위원회(SC), 작업그룹(WG)을 통해 기타 ISO 기술위원회 또는 국제기관과 연계한다.ISO/IEC 기술작업 지침서 및 기술관리부 결정사항에 따른 ISO 국제규격안 작성·배포, 회원국의 의견 편집 등도 처리한다. 소속 분과위원회 및 작업그룹의 업무조정, 해당 기술위원회의 회의 준비도 담당한다.1947년 최초로 구성된 나사산에 대한 TC 1 기술위원회를 시작으로 순환경제를 표준화하기 위한 TC 323까지 각 TC 기술위원회의 의장, ISO 회원, 발행 표준 및 개발 표준 등에 대해 살펴볼 예정이다.이미 다룬 기술위원회와 구성 연도를 살펴 보면 △1947년 TC 1~TC 67 △1948년 TC 69 △1949년 TC 70~72 △1972년 TC 68 △1950년 TC 74 △1951년 TC 76 △1952년 TC 77 △1953년 TC 79, TC 81 △1955년 TC 82, TC 83 △1956년 TC 84, TC 85 △1957년 TC 86, TC 87, TC 89 △1958년 TC 91, TC 92 등이다.△1959년 TC 94 △1960년 TC 96, TC 98 △1961년 TC 101, TC 102, TC 104, △1962년 TC 105~TC 107, △1963년 TC 108~TC 111, △1964년 TC 112~TC 115, TC 117, △1965년 TC 118,  △1966년 TC 119~TC 122, △1967년 TC 123,  △1968년 TC 126, TC 127, △1969년 TC 130~136, △1970년 TC 137, TC 138, TC 142, TC 145, △1971년 TC 146, TC 147, TC 148, TC 149, TC 150, TC 153 등도 포함된다.ISO/TC 154 상업, 산업 및 행정 분야 프로세스, 데이터 요소 및 문서(Processes, data elements and documents in commerce, industry and administration)와 관련된 기술위원회는 1972년 결성됐다. 사무국은 중국 국가표준화관리위원회(国家标准化管理委员会, Standardization Administration of the P. R. C, SAC))에서 맡고 있다.위원회는 장 지안팡(Mr Jianfang Zhang)이 책임지고 있다. 현재 의장은 유 시(Mr Yu Shi)로 임기는 2024년까지다. ISO 기술 프로그램 관리자는 로라 매튜(Ms Laura Mathew), ISO 편집 관리자는 이본느 헨(Mrs Yvonne Chen) 등으로 조사됐다.범위는 비즈니스, 행정 프로세스의 국제 표준화 및 등록이다. 또한 개별 조직 내 및 조직간 정보 교환에 사용되는 지원 데이터의 국제 표준화 및 등록, 산업 데이터 분야의 표준화 활동을 지원한다.다음과 같은 애플리케이션별 메타 표준 개발 및 유지 관리도 포함된다.△프로세스 사양(다른 기술위원회의 개발이 없는 경우)△콘텐츠가 포함된 데이터 사양△양식 레이아웃(종이/전자)△표준 개발 및 유지 관리△프로세스 식별(다른 기술위원회의 개발이 없는 경우)△데이터 식별△EDIFACT 구문의 유지 관리현재 ISO/TC 154 사무국의 직접적인 책임 하에 발행된 표준은 37개며 SO/TC 154 사무국의 직접적인 책임 하에 개발 중인 표준은 7개다. 참여하고 있는 회원은 17개국, 참관 회원은 28개국이다.□ ISO/TC 154 사무국의 직접적인 책임 하에 발행된 표준 37개 중 15개 목록▷ISO 5054-1:2023 Specification for an enterprise canonical model — Part 1: Architecture▷ISO 6422-1:2010 Layout key for trade documents — Part 1: Paper-based documents▷ISO 7372:2005 Trade data interchange — Trade data elements directory▷ISO 8439:1990 Forms design — Basic layout▷ISO 8440:1986 Location of codes in trade documents▷ISO 8440:1986/Cor 1:2000 Location of codes in trade documents — Technical Corrigendum 1▷ISO 8601-1:2019 Date and time — Representations for information interchange — Part 1: Basic rules▷ISO 8601-1:2019/Amd 1:2022 Date and time — Representations for information interchange — Part 1: Basic rules — Amendment 1: Technical corrections▷ISO 8601-2:2019 Date and time — Representations for information interchange — Part 2: Extensions▷ISO 9735-1:2002 Electronic data interchange for administration, commerce and transport (EDIFACT) — Application level syntax rules (Syntax version number: 4, Syntax release number: 1) — Part 1: Syntax rules common to all parts▷ISO 9735-2:2002 Electronic data interchange for administration, commerce and transport (EDIFACT) — Application level syntax rules (Syntax version number: 4, Syntax release number: 1) — Part 2: Syntax rules specific to batch EDI▷ISO 9735-3:2002 Electronic data interchange for administration, commerce and transport (EDIFACT) — Application level syntax rules (Syntax version number: 4, Syntax release number: 1) — Part 3: Syntax rules specific to interactive EDI▷ISO 9735-4:2002 Electronic data interchange for administration, commerce and transport (EDIFACT) — Application level syntax rules (Syntax version number: 4, Syntax release number: 1) — Part 4: Syntax and service report message for batch EDI (message type — CONTRL)▷ISO 9735-5:2002 Electronic data interchange for administration, commerce and transport (EDIFACT) — Application level syntax rules (Syntax version number: 4, Syntax release number: 1) — Part 5: Security rules for batch EDI (authenticity, integrity and non-repudiation of origin)▷ISO 9735-6:2002 Electronic data interchange for administration, commerce and transport (EDIFACT) — Application level syntax rules (Syntax version number: 4, Syntax release number: 1) — Part 6: Secure authentication and acknowledgement message (message type - AUTACK)□ ISO/TC 154 사무국의 직접적인 책임 하에 개발 중인 표준 7개 목록▷ISO/WD 5909 Data interchange processes of blockchain based negotiable maritime bill of lading related to e-Commerce platform▷ISO/AWI 7372 Trade data interchange — Trade data elements directory▷ISO 8601-2:2019/DAmd 1 Date and time — Representations for information interchange — Part 2: Extensions — Amendment 1▷ISO/AWI 14533-3 Processes, data elements and documents in commerce, industry and administration — Long term signature profiles — Part 3: Long term signature profiles for PDF Advanced Electronic Signatures (PAdES)▷ISO/WD TR 19626-3 Processes, data elements and documents in commerce, industry and administration —Trusted communication platforms for electronic documents — Part 3: Blockchain-based implementation guideline▷ISO/DIS 20197-1 Buy-Ship-Pay Reference Data Model — Part 1: Business Requirement Specification (BRS)▷ISO/DIS 23355 Visibility data interchange between logistics information service providers

▲ 디지털 ID 산업의 발전 전략 [출처=iNIS]디지털 ID(Digital Identity) 분야에서 상호운용(interoperable)이 가능하고 안전한 서비스 보장을 위한 표준에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있다. 다양한 표준 조직 및 산업 기관이 활동하는 이유다.디지털 ID 표준을 개발하는 곳은 유럽표준화기구(European Standardisation Organistions), 국제표준화기구(International Standardisation Organisations), 상업 포럼 및 컨소시엄, 국가기관 등 다양하다.산업단체와 포럼은 공식적으로 표준화 조직으로 간주되지 않지만 디지털 ID 영역을 포함한 특정 영역에서는 사실상의 표준을 제공하고 있다.몇몇의 경우 이들 단체들이 추가 비준을 위해 자신들이 생산한 사양을 ISO/IEC, ITU 통신 표준화 부문(ITU-T), ETSI 등 표준 기관에 제출할 수 있다.이러한 산업단체 및 포럼에는 △인증기관브라우저 포럼(Certification Authority Browser Forum,  CA/Browser Forum) △클라우드 서명 컨소시엄(Cloud Signature Consortium, CSC) △국제자금세탁방지기구(Financial Action Task Force, FATF) △신속온라인인증(Fast Identity Online, FIDO) △국제인터넷표준화기구(Internet Engineering Task Force, IETF) △구조화 정보 표준 개발기구(오아시스)(Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards, OASIS) △오픈ID(OpenID) △SOG-IS(Senior Officials Group-Information Systems Security) △W3C(World Wide Web Consortium) 등이다.구조화 정보 표준 개발기구(Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards, OASIS)는 공급업체와 사용자의 컨소시엄으로 시작됐다.오늘날 사이버보안(cybersecurity), 블록체인(blockchain), 사물인터넷(internet of things, IoT), 비상 경영(emergency management), 클라우드 컴퓨팅(cloud computing) 등 프로젝트를 발전시키는 대규모 비영리 표준 조직이다.오아시스는 '디지털 서명 서비스 핵심 프로토콜, 요소, 바인딩'과 같은 디지털 서명과 관련된 프로토콜, 프로필 등 기술 사양을 개발해왔다.오아시스는 ISO에 협력하고 있는 조직으로 각 기술위원회(TC) 또는 분과위원회(SC)가 다루는 문제에 대해 기술위원회(TC) 또는 분과위원회(SC)의 업무에 효과적으로 기여하는 조직(A liaisons)이다.기여하고 있는 기술위원회 및 분과위원회는 다음과 같다.▷ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 6 시스템 간 통신 및 정보 교환▷ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 문서 설명 및 처리 언어▷ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 38 클라우드 컴퓨팅 및 분산 플랫폼▷ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 40 IT 서비스 관리 및 IT 거버넌스▷ISO/TC 12 수량 및 단위▷ISO/TC 37 언어 및 용어▷ISO/TC 37/SC 5 번역, 통역 및 관련 기술▷ISO/TC 46/SC 4 기술적 상호 운용성▷ISO/TC 154 상업, 산업 및 행정 분야의 프로세스, 데이터 요소 및 문서▷ISO/TC 184/SC 4 산업 데이터▷ISO/TC 211 지리정보/지리학또한 오아시스는 2005년 10월 21일 Working Draft 34에서 Digital Signature Service Core Protocols, Elements, and Bindings Version 1.0을 발표했다.이후 2019년 12월 11일 'Digital Signature Service Core Protocols, Elements, and Bindings Version 2.0 Committee Specification 02'가 발표됐다.버전 2.0의 목차를 살펴보면 다음과 같다.■목차(Table of Contents)1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................101.1 IPR Policy .........................................................................................................................................101.2 Terminology ......................................................................................................................................101.2.1 Terms and Definitions ...............................................................................................................101.2.2 Abbreviated Terms ....................................................................................................................101.3 Normative References ......................................................................................................................101.4 Non-Normative References ..............................................................................................................121.5 Typographical Conventions ..............................................................................................................131.6 DSS Overview (Non-normative) .......................................................................................................132 Design Considerations .......................................................................................................................152.1 Version 2.0 goal [non-normative]......................................................................................................152.2 Transforming DSS 1.0 into 2.0 .........................................................................................................152.2.1 Circumventing xs:any ................................................................................................................152.2.2 Substituting the mixed Schema Attribute ..................................................................................162.2.3 Introducing the NsPrefixMappingType Component.............................................................162.2.4 Imported XML schemes ............................................................................................................162.2.5 Syntax variants..........................................................................................................................172.2.6 JSON Syntax Extensions ..........................................................................................................172.3 Construction Principles .....................................................................................................................172.3.1 Multi Syntax approach...............................................................................................................172.4 Schema Organization and Namespaces ..........................................................................................182.5 DSS Component Overview...............................................................................................................192.5.1 Schema Extensions...................................................................................................................193 Data Type Models ..............................................................................................................................213.1 Boolean Model..................................................................................................................................213.2 Integer Model....................................................................................................................................213.3 String Model......................................................................................................................................213.4 Binary Data Model ............................................................................................................................213.5 URI Model.........................................................................................................................................213.6 Unique Identifier Model.....................................................................................................................213.7 Date and Time Model .......................................................................................................................213.8 Lang Model .......................................................................................................................................214 Data Structure Models........................................................................................................................224.1 Data Structure Models defined in this document..............................................................................224.1.1 Component NsPrefixMapping ...................................................................................................224.1.1.1 NsPrefixMapping – JSON Syntax ......................................................................................................224.1.1.2 NsPrefixMapping – XML Syntax ........................................................................................................224.2 Data Structure Models defined in this document..............................................................................234.2.1 Component InternationalString..................................................................................................234.2.1.1 InternationalString – JSON Syntax ....................................................................................................234.2.1.2 InternationalString – XML Syntax.......................................................................................................244.2.2 Component DigestInfo...............................................................................................................244.2.2.1 DigestInfo – JSON Syntax .................................................................................................................244.2.2.2 DigestInfo – XML Syntax ...................................................................................................................254.2.3 Component AttachmentReference............................................................................................254.2.3.1 AttachmentReference – JSON Syntax...............................................................................................254.2.3.2 AttachmentReference – XML Syntax.................................................................................................264.2.4 Component Any.........................................................................................................................264.2.4.1 Any – JSON Syntax ...........................................................................................................................274.2.4.2 Any – XML Syntax .............................................................................................................................274.2.5 Component Base64Data ...........................................................................................................274.2.5.1 Base64Data – JSON Syntax..............................................................................................................284.2.5.2 Base64Data – XML Syntax................................................................................................................294.2.6 Component SignaturePtr...........................................................................................................304.2.6.1 SignaturePtr – JSON Syntax..............................................................................................................314.2.6.2 SignaturePtr – XML Syntax................................................................................................................324.2.7 Component Result.....................................................................................................................334.2.7.1 Result – JSON Syntax .......................................................................................................................334.2.7.2 Result – XML Syntax .........................................................................................................................344.2.8 Component OptionalInputs........................................................................................................344.2.8.1 OptionalInputs – JSON Syntax ..........................................................................................................354.2.8.2 OptionalInputs – XML Syntax.............................................................................................................354.2.9 Component OptionalOutputs.....................................................................................................354.2.9.1 OptionalOutputs – JSON Syntax........................................................................................................354.2.9.2 OptionalOutputs – XML Syntax..........................................................................................................364.2.10 Component RequestBase .......................................................................................................364.2.10.1 RequestBase – JSON Syntax..........................................................................................................364.2.10.2 RequestBase – XML Syntax ............................................................................................................364.2.11 Component ResponseBase ....................................................................................................374.2.11.1 ResponseBase – JSON Syntax .......................................................................................................374.2.11.2 ResponseBase – XML Syntax .........................................................................................................384.3 Operation requests and responses ..................................................................................................384.3.1 Component SignRequest ..........................................................................................................384.3.1.1 SignRequest – JSON Syntax.............................................................................................................384.3.1.2 SignRequest – XML Syntax ...............................................................................................................394.3.2 Component SignResponse .......................................................................................................394.3.2.1 SignResponse – JSON Syntax ..........................................................................................................404.3.2.2 SignResponse – XML Syntax ............................................................................................................414.3.3 Component VerifyRequest ........................................................................................................414.3.3.1 VerifyRequest – JSON Syntax...........................................................................................................414.3.3.2 VerifyRequest – XML Syntax .............................................................................................................424.3.4 Component VerifyResponse .....................................................................................................434.3.4.1 VerifyResponse – JSON Syntax ........................................................................................................434.3.4.2 VerifyResponse – XML Syntax ..........................................................................................................434.3.5 Component PendingRequest ....................................................................................................444.3.5.1 PendingRequest – JSON Syntax.......................................................................................................444.3.5.2 PendingRequest – XML Syntax .........................................................................................................454.4 Optional data structures defined in this document ...........................................................................454.4.1 Component RequestID..............................................................................................................454.4.1.1 RequestID – JSON Syntax ................................................................................................................454.4.1.2 RequestID – XML Syntax...................................................................................................................454.4.2 Component ResponseID ...........................................................................................................454.4.2.1 ResponseID – JSON Syntax..............................................................................................................464.4.2.2 ResponseID – XML Syntax................................................................................................................464.4.3 Component OptionalInputsBase ...............................................................................................464.4.3.1 OptionalInputsBase – JSON Syntax ..................................................................................................474.4.3.2 OptionalInputsBase – XML Syntax ....................................................................................................474.4.4 Component OptionalInputsSign ................................................................................................484.4.4.1 OptionalInputsSign – JSON Syntax ...................................................................................................494.4.4.2 OptionalInputsSign – XML Syntax .....................................................................................................514.4.5 Component OptionalInputsVerify ..............................................................................................524.4.5.1 OptionalInputsVerify – JSON Syntax .................................................................................................534.4.5.2 OptionalInputsVerify – XML Syntax ...................................................................................................554.4.6 Component OptionalOutputsBase ............................................................................................564.4.6.1 OptionalOutputsBase – JSON Syntax ...............................................................................................564.4.6.2 OptionalOutputsBase – XML Syntax..................................................................................................564.4.7 Component OptionalOutputsSign .............................................................................................574.4.7.1 OptionalOutputsSign – JSON Syntax ................................................................................................574.4.7.2 OptionalOutputsSign – XML Syntax...................................................................................................584.4.8 Component OptionalOutputsVerify ...........................................................................................584.4.8.1 OptionalOutputsVerify – JSON Syntax ..............................................................................................594.4.8.2 OptionalOutputsVerify – XML Syntax.................................................................................................604.4.9 Component ClaimedIdentity ......................................................................................................614.4.9.1 ClaimedIdentity – JSON Syntax.........................................................................................................614.4.9.2 ClaimedIdentity – XML Syntax...........................................................................................................624.4.10 Component Schemas..............................................................................................................624.4.10.1 Schemas – JSON Syntax ................................................................................................................624.4.10.2 Schemas – XML Syntax...................................................................................................................634.4.11 Component IntendedAudience................................................................................................634.4.11.1 IntendedAudience – JSON Syntax...................................................................................................634.4.11.2 IntendedAudience – XML Syntax.....................................................................................................644.4.12 Component KeySelector .........................................................................................................644.4.12.1 KeySelector – JSON Syntax ............................................................................................................654.4.12.2 KeySelector – XML Syntax ..............................................................................................................664.4.13 Component X509Digest ..........................................................................................................664.4.13.1 X509Digest – JSON Syntax.............................................................................................................664.4.13.2 X509Digest – XML Syntax ...............................................................................................................674.4.14 Component PropertiesHolder..................................................................................................674.4.14.1 PropertiesHolder – JSON Syntax.....................................................................................................674.4.14.2 PropertiesHolder – XML Syntax.......................................................................................................684.4.15 Component Properties ............................................................................................................684.4.15.1 Properties – JSON Syntax ...............................................................................................................684.4.15.2 Properties – XML Syntax .................................................................................................................694.4.16 Component Property ...............................................................................................................694.4.16.1 Property – JSON Syntax..................................................................................................................694.4.16.2 Property – XML Syntax ....................................................................................................................704.4.17 Component IncludeObject.......................................................................................................704.4.17.1 IncludeObject – JSON Syntax..........................................................................................................714.4.17.2 IncludeObject – XML Syntax............................................................................................................724.4.18 Component SignaturePlacement ............................................................................................724.4.18.1 SignaturePlacement – JSON Syntax ...............................................................................................724.4.18.2 SignaturePlacement – XML Syntax .................................................................................................734.4.19 Component DocumentWithSignature......................................................................................744.4.19.1 DocumentWithSignature – JSON Syntax.........................................................................................744.4.19.2 DocumentWithSignature – XML Syntax...........................................................................................744.4.20 Component SignedReferences ...............................................................................................754.4.20.1 SignedReferences – JSON Syntax ..................................................................................................754.4.20.2 SignedReferences – XML Syntax ....................................................................................................754.4.21 Component SignedReference.................................................................................................764.4.21.1 SignedReference – JSON Syntax....................................................................................................764.4.21.2 SignedReference – XML Syntax......................................................................................................774.4.22 Component VerifyManifestResults ..........................................................................................774.4.22.1 VerifyManifestResults – JSON Syntax.............................................................................................774.4.22.2 VerifyManifestResults – XML Syntax ...............................................................................................784.4.23 Component ManifestResult .....................................................................................................784.4.23.1 ManifestResult – JSON Syntax........................................................................................................784.4.23.2 ManifestResult – XML Syntax..........................................................................................................794.4.24 Component UseVerificationTime.............................................................................................804.4.24.1 UseVerificationTime – JSON Syntax ...............................................................................................804.4.24.2 UseVerificationTime – XML Syntax..................................................................................................814.4.25 Component AdditionalTimeInfo...............................................................................................814.4.25.1 AdditionalTimeInfo – JSON Syntax..................................................................................................814.4.25.2 AdditionalTimeInfo – XML Syntax....................................................................................................824.4.26 Component VerificationTimeInfo.............................................................................................834.4.26.1 VerificationTimeInfo – JSON Syntax................................................................................................834.4.26.2 VerificationTimeInfo – XML Syntax ..................................................................................................834.4.27 Component AdditionalKeyInfo.................................................................................................844.4.27.1 AdditionalKeyInfo – JSON Syntax....................................................................................................844.4.27.2 AdditionalKeyInfo – XML Syntax......................................................................................................854.4.28 Component ProcessingDetails ................................................................................................864.4.28.1 ProcessingDetails – JSON Syntax...................................................................................................864.4.28.2 ProcessingDetails – XML Syntax.....................................................................................................874.4.29 Component Detail....................................................................................................................874.4.29.1 Detail – JSON Syntax ......................................................................................................................884.4.29.2 Detail – XML Syntax ........................................................................................................................894.4.30 Component SigningTimeInfo...................................................................................................894.4.30.1 SigningTimeInfo – JSON Syntax......................................................................................................894.4.30.2 SigningTimeInfo – XML Syntax........................................................................................................904.4.31 Component SigningTimeBoundaries ......................................................................................904.4.31.1 SigningTimeBoundaries – JSON Syntax .........................................................................................904.4.31.2 SigningTimeBoundaries – XML Syntax............................................................................................914.4.32 Component AugmentedSignature...........................................................................................914.4.32.1 AugmentedSignature – JSON Syntax..............................................................................................914.4.32.2 AugmentedSignature – XML Syntax ................................................................................................924.4.33 Component ReturnTransformedDocument .............................................................................934.4.33.1 ReturnTransformedDocument – JSON Syntax ................................................................................934.4.33.2 ReturnTransformedDocument – XML Syntax ..................................................................................934.4.34 Component TransformedDocument........................................................................................934.4.34.1 TransformedDocument – JSON Syntax...........................................................................................934.4.34.2 TransformedDocument – XML Syntax .............................................................................................934.5 Request/Response related data structures defined in this document..............................................944.5.1 Component InputDocuments.....................................................................................................944.5.1.1 InputDocuments – JSON Syntax .......................................................................................................944.5.1.2 InputDocuments – XML Syntax..........................................................................................................954.5.2 Component DocumentBase ......................................................................................................964.5.2.1 DocumentBase – JSON Syntax.........................................................................................................964.5.2.2 DocumentBase – XML Syntax ...........................................................................................................974.5.3 Component Document ..............................................................................................................974.5.3.1 Document – JSON Syntax .................................................................................................................974.5.3.2 Document – XML Syntax ...................................................................................................................984.5.4 Component TransformedData...................................................................................................984.5.4.1 TransformedData – JSON Syntax......................................................................................................994.5.4.2 TransformedData – XML Syntax......................................................................................................1004.5.5 Component DocumentHash ....................................................................................................1004.5.5.1 DocumentHash – JSON Syntax.......................................................................................................1014.5.5.2 DocumentHash – XML Syntax.........................................................................................................1024.5.6 Component SignatureObject ...................................................................................................1024.5.6.1 SignatureObject – JSON Syntax......................................................................................................1034.5.6.2 SignatureObject – XML Syntax........................................................................................................1044.6 Referenced Data Structure Models from other documents ............................................................1044.6.1 Component NameID................................................................................................................1044.6.1.1 NameID – JSON Syntax ..................................................................................................................1054.6.1.2 NameID – XML Syntax ....................................................................................................................1064.6.2 Component Transforms...........................................................................................................1064.6.2.1 Transforms – JSON Syntax .............................................................................................................1064.6.2.2 Transforms – XML Syntax ...............................................................................................................1074.6.3 Component Transform ............................................................................................................1074.6.3.1 Transform – JSON Syntax ...............................................................................................................1074.6.3.2 Transform – XML Syntax .................................................................................................................1084.7 Element / JSON name lookup tables..............................................................................................1095 Data Processing Model for Signing ..................................................................................................1185.1 Processing for XML Signatures ......................................................................................................1185.1.1 Sub process ‘process references’...................................................................................1185.1.2 Sub process ‘create XML signature’ ..............................................................................1205.1.2.1 XML Signatures Variant Optional Input IncludeObject...............................................................1205.2 Processing for CMS Signatures......................................................................................................1215.2.1 Sub process ‘process digest’ ...........................................................................................1215.2.2 Sub process ‘create CMS signature’ ..............................................................................1225.3 General Processing ........................................................................................................................1235.3.1 Multi-Signature Creation..........................................................................................................1235.3.2 Sub process ‘add Timestamp’..............................................................................................1235.3.2.1 Processing for CMS signatures time-stamping ................................................................................1245.3.2.2 Processing for XML Timestamps on XML signatures ......................................................................1245.3.2.3 Processing for RFC 3161 Timestamps on XML signatures .............................................................1256 Data Processing Model for Verification ............................................................................................1266.1 Processing for XML Signature Verification .....................................................................................1276.1.1 Sub process ‘retrieve XML signature’ ..........................................................................1276.1.2 Sub process ‘recalculate references’ ..........................................................................1286.1.3 Sub process ‘verify XML signature’ ..............................................................................1296.1.3.1 Processing for RFC 3161 timestamp tokens on XML Signatures ....................................................1296.1.3.2 Processing for XML timestamp tokens on XML signatures..............................................................1306.2 Processing for CMS Signature Verification ....................................................................................1306.2.1 Sub process ‘retrieve CMS signature’ ..........................................................................1316.2.2 Sub process ‘verify CMS signature’ ..............................................................................1316.2.2.1 Processing for RFC 3161 Timestamp tokens on CMS Signatures...................................................1326.3 General Processing ........................................................................................................................1326.3.1 Multi-Signature Verification .....................................................................................................1326.3.2 Sub process ‘augment Signature’ ...........................................................................................1336.3.3 Sub process ‘timestamp Signature’.........................................................................................1346.3.4 Task ‘build VerifyResponse’ ....................................................................................................1357 Asynchronous Processing Model .....................................................................................................1377.1 Asynchronous-only Processing ......................................................................................................1377.2 Enforcing Asynchronous Processing..............................................................................................1388 DSS Core Bindings...........................................................................................................................1398.1 HTTP POST Transport Binding ......................................................................................................1398.2 SOAP 1.2 Transport Binding ..........................................................................................................1398.3 Security Bindings ............................................................................................................................1409 DSS-Defined Identifiers ....................................................................................................................1419.1 Signature Type Identifiers...............................................................................................................1419.1.1 XML Signature.........................................................................................................................1419.1.2 XML TimeStampToken............................................................................................................1419.1.3 RFC 3161 TimeStampToken...................................................................................................1419.1.4 CMS Signature ........................................................................................................................1419.1.5 PGP Signature.........................................................................................................................1419.2 ResultMinors...................................................................................................................................14110 Security Considerations ...................................................................................................................14310.1 Well-Known Attack Vectors ..........................................................................................................14310.1.1 XML Parsing Vulnerabilities [non-normative] ........................................................................14310.1.2 XML Canonicalization Vulnerabilities [non-normative]..........................................................14310.1.3 Injection Attacks [non-normative] ..........................................................................................14310.1.4 JSON Deserialization Through Evaluation Attacks [non-normative].....................................14311 Conformance ....................................................................................................................................14511.1 Conformance as a DSS version 2.0 document ............................................................................14511.1.1 Conformance for JSON format..............................................................................................14511.1.2 Conformance for XML format ................................................................................................14511.1.3 Conformance for DSS Server................................................................................................14511.1.4 Conformance for DSS Client .................................................................................................145Appendix A. Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................146Appendix B. Index of Components and Elements ....................................................................................147Appendix C. List of Figures .......................................................................................................................148Appendix D. Revision History....................................................................................................................149

뉴질랜드 북섬 최대도시 오클랜드(Auckland)시정부에 따르면 버스 및 경전철 등 연료세를 1리터당 NZ$ 10센트 인상할 계획이다. 경제전문가들은 가장 생활비가 높은 도시인 오클랜드가 연료세 인상으로 '초고가 도시'가 됨으로써 재정위기가 초래될 수 있다고 우려한다.무엇보다 연료세 인상분을 거주민들이 지불해야하므로 교통비 부담은 가중되는 셈이다. 기업들 역시 추가 비용을 소비자에게 부담할 수 밖에 없다고 경고했다.▲오클랜드(Auckland)시 로고

  ▲수집해야 할 정보의 중분류 및 소분류(출처 : iNIS) 타겟 국가에 대한 정보 수집영역은 도입(Introduction), 지리(Geography), 사람과 사회(People and Society), 정부(Government), 경제(Economy), 에너지(Energy), 통신(Communication), 항공(Airport), 군사(Military), 초국가적 이슈(Transnational issues) 등으로 다양하다. 각 영역별 세부 내역을 보면 다음과 같다.첫째, 도입(Introduction)은 국가의 역사, 문화, 국민성 등 일반적인 내용을 포함한다. 해당 국가에 대한 전반적인 이해를 높이기 위한 목적에서 수집하는 정보이다.둘째, 지리(Geography)는 Location, Geographic, coordinates, Map references, Area, Area - comparative, Land boundaries, Coastline, Maritime claims, Climate, Terrain, Elevation extremes, Natural resources, Land use, Irrigated land, Total renewable water resources, Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural), Natural hazards, Environment - current issues, Environment - international agreements, Geography – note 등이다.셋째, 사람과 사회(People and Society)는 Nationality, Ethnic groups, Languages, Religions, Population, Age structure, Median age, Population growth rate, Birth rate, Death rate, Net migration rate, Urbanization, Major cities - population, Sex ratio, Maternal mortality rate, Infant mortality rate, Life expectancy at birth, Total fertility rate, Health expenditures, Physicians density, Hospital bed density, Drinking water source, Sanitation facility access, HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate, HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS, HIV/AIDS - deaths, Obesity - adult prevalence rate, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, Education expenditures, Literacy, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 등이다.넷째, 정부(Government)는 Country name, Government type, Capital, Administrative divisions, Independence, National holiday, Constitution, Legal system, International law organization participation, Suffrage, Executive branch, Legislative branch, Judicial branch, Political parties and leaders, Political pressure group and leaders, International organization participation, Diplomatic representation in the US, Diplomatic representation from the US, Flag description, National symbol(s), National anthem 등이다.다섯째, 경제(Economy)는 Economy – overview, GDP (purchasing power parity) , GDP (official exchange rate), GDP - real growth rate, GDP - per capita (PPP), GDP - composition by sector, Labor force, Labor force - by occupation, Unemployment rate, Population below poverty line, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Distribution of family income - Gini index, Investment (gross fixed), Budget, Taxes and other 매출액, Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-), Public debt, Inflation rate (consumer prices), Central bank discount rate, Commercial bank prime lending rate, Stock of narrow money, Stock of broad money, Stock of domestic credit, Market value of publicly traded shares, Agriculture - products, Industries, Industrial production growth rate, Current account balance, Exports, Exports - commodities, Exports - partners, Imports, Imports - commodities, Imports - partners, Reserves of foreign exchange and gold, Debt - external, Stock of direct foreign investment - at home, Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad, Exchange rates, Fiscal year 등이 있다.여섯째, 에너지(Energy)는 Electricity - production, Electricity - consumption, Electricity - exports, Electricity - imports, Electricity - installed generating capacity, Electricity - from fossil fuels, Electricity - from nuclear fuels, Electricity - from hydroelectric plants, Electricity - from other renewable sources, Crude oil - production, Crude oil - exports, Crude oil - imports, Crude oil - proved reserves, Refined petroleum products - production, Refined petroleum products - consumption, Refined petroleum products - exports, Refined petroleum products - imports, Natural gas - production, Natural gas - consumption, Natural gas - exports, Natural gas - imports, Natural gas - proved reserves, Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy 등이 있다.일곱째, 통신(Communication)은 Telephones - main lines in use, Telephones - mobile cellular, Telephone system, Broadcast media, Internet country code, Internet hosts, Internet user transportation 등을 수집한다.여덟째, 항공(Airport)은 Airports - with paved runways, Airports - with unpaved runways, Heliports, Pipelines, Railways, Roadways, Merchant marine, Ports and terminals 등에 관한 정보를 정리한다.아홉째, 군사(Military)는 Military branches, Military service age and obligation, Manpower available for military service, Manpower fit for military service, Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually, Military expenditures 등으로 파악한다.마지막으로 초국가적 이슈(Transnational issues)는 Disputes - international, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Trafficking in persons 등이며 해당 정보를 통해 글로벌 국가간의 역학관계를 평가할 수 있다. – 계속 - 민진규 <국가정보전략연구소장> stmin@hotmail.com▲국가정보전략연구소장 민진규(출처 : iNIS)

중국 차이나골드그룹(中国黄金集团公司, China Gold Group)에 따르면 2016년말 금 보유량은 1925톤을 기록했다. 2016년말 기준 구리 보유량은 1051만톤, 은 1만1430톤, 몰리브덴207만톤, 납 및 주석 189만톤, 철광석 7600만톤 등이다.우버타이완(Uber Taiwan)에 따르면 대만 택시노동조합과 2017년 2월 부터 타이페이에서 UberTaxi를 운영하기로 합의했다.현재 우버이용자는 차종 및 이용자의 조건에 따라 3가지 등급으로 선택이 가능하고 2월부터는 추가로 기존 택시를 부를 수 있다.▲대만교통부 홈페이지대만 타오위안국제공항에 따르면 제3활주로 완공 목표를 2030년에서 2025년으로 앞당기기로 했다. 또한 활주로 건설을 위한 환경 영향 평가 심의를 시작했다. 환경영향 평가 심의 기간은 2년6개월, 토지취득 및 공사기간은 3년, 활주로 길이는 4000미터로 대형항공기 이착륙이 가능하다.

베트남 택시회사 하노이57운수(Ha Noi 57 Transport)에 따르면 운영 중인 택시 브랜드 탄꽁택시(Thanh Cong Taxi)에 스마트폰 택시 배차 어플리케이션 '택시 57(Taxi 57)'을 도입했다.하노이시 교통운수국에 따르면 '택시 57'은 당국에서 인증한 안건으로 GrabCar에 이어 두번째다. 이 프로그램은 무료이며 다운받고 계정을 등록하면 택시배차, 경로 및 운전자 정보, 운임료 계산 등의 서비스를 제공 받을 수 있다.▲탄꽁택시(Thanh Cong Taxi) 홈페이지베트남 부동산개발대기업 노바랜드(Novaland)에 따르면 1억2000만달러 상당의 주식을 매각했다. 6조동의 증자를 위한 상장에 앞선 자금조달 계획 중 하나로 보인다.노바랜드는 주식의 10%를 투자자에게 매각했으며 그 중 70% 투자자는 홍콩, 싱가포르, 태국 등의 외국 금융기관이다.베트남 빈증성 인민위원회에 따르면 성내 공안에게 일본 혼다(Honda) 오토바이 '위너 150cc' 100대를 인도했다. 지방예산 총액 43억동을 투입한 것이다.공안에 따르면 요즘 대형오토바이 이용한 소매치기가 증가하고 있어 '위너 150cc'와 같은 오토바이가 필수적인 상황이다.