나이지리아 중앙은행(CBN)에 따르면 2020년 3월 중순 이후 처음으로 외환보유액이 US$ 360억달러를 초과한 것으로 집계됐다. 이에 따라 2020년 4월 말 기준 외환보유액은 334억2000만달러에 달한 이후 계속해서 증가하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.외환보유액 증가의 주요인은 유가상승으로 분석된다. 중국발 코로나-19 팬데믹으로 인해 브렌트유 가격은 수요 감소로 급락한 적이 있다.하지만 2020년 6월 첫째주 1배럴당 40달러를 기록했다. 중앙은행은 최근 환율을 미국 달러 대비 N400나이라로 일원화했다. 또한 모든 국제석유기업들은 외화수입을 중앙은행에 N360나이라/US$로 의무적으로 판매해야한다. 기존에는 나이지리아국영석유공사(NNPC)와 N325나이라/US$에 거래했다. ▲중앙은행(CBN) 로고

  ▲수집해야 할 정보의 중분류 및 소분류(출처 : iNIS) 타겟 국가에 대한 정보 수집영역은 도입(Introduction), 지리(Geography), 사람과 사회(People and Society), 정부(Government), 경제(Economy), 에너지(Energy), 통신(Communication), 항공(Airport), 군사(Military), 초국가적 이슈(Transnational issues) 등으로 다양하다. 각 영역별 세부 내역을 보면 다음과 같다.첫째, 도입(Introduction)은 국가의 역사, 문화, 국민성 등 일반적인 내용을 포함한다. 해당 국가에 대한 전반적인 이해를 높이기 위한 목적에서 수집하는 정보이다.둘째, 지리(Geography)는 Location, Geographic, coordinates, Map references, Area, Area - comparative, Land boundaries, Coastline, Maritime claims, Climate, Terrain, Elevation extremes, Natural resources, Land use, Irrigated land, Total renewable water resources, Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural), Natural hazards, Environment - current issues, Environment - international agreements, Geography – note 등이다.셋째, 사람과 사회(People and Society)는 Nationality, Ethnic groups, Languages, Religions, Population, Age structure, Median age, Population growth rate, Birth rate, Death rate, Net migration rate, Urbanization, Major cities - population, Sex ratio, Maternal mortality rate, Infant mortality rate, Life expectancy at birth, Total fertility rate, Health expenditures, Physicians density, Hospital bed density, Drinking water source, Sanitation facility access, HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate, HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS, HIV/AIDS - deaths, Obesity - adult prevalence rate, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, Education expenditures, Literacy, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 등이다.넷째, 정부(Government)는 Country name, Government type, Capital, Administrative divisions, Independence, National holiday, Constitution, Legal system, International law organization participation, Suffrage, Executive branch, Legislative branch, Judicial branch, Political parties and leaders, Political pressure group and leaders, International organization participation, Diplomatic representation in the US, Diplomatic representation from the US, Flag description, National symbol(s), National anthem 등이다.다섯째, 경제(Economy)는 Economy – overview, GDP (purchasing power parity) , GDP (official exchange rate), GDP - real growth rate, GDP - per capita (PPP), GDP - composition by sector, Labor force, Labor force - by occupation, Unemployment rate, Population below poverty line, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Distribution of family income - Gini index, Investment (gross fixed), Budget, Taxes and other 매출액, Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-), Public debt, Inflation rate (consumer prices), Central bank discount rate, Commercial bank prime lending rate, Stock of narrow money, Stock of broad money, Stock of domestic credit, Market value of publicly traded shares, Agriculture - products, Industries, Industrial production growth rate, Current account balance, Exports, Exports - commodities, Exports - partners, Imports, Imports - commodities, Imports - partners, Reserves of foreign exchange and gold, Debt - external, Stock of direct foreign investment - at home, Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad, Exchange rates, Fiscal year 등이 있다.여섯째, 에너지(Energy)는 Electricity - production, Electricity - consumption, Electricity - exports, Electricity - imports, Electricity - installed generating capacity, Electricity - from fossil fuels, Electricity - from nuclear fuels, Electricity - from hydroelectric plants, Electricity - from other renewable sources, Crude oil - production, Crude oil - exports, Crude oil - imports, Crude oil - proved reserves, Refined petroleum products - production, Refined petroleum products - consumption, Refined petroleum products - exports, Refined petroleum products - imports, Natural gas - production, Natural gas - consumption, Natural gas - exports, Natural gas - imports, Natural gas - proved reserves, Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy 등이 있다.일곱째, 통신(Communication)은 Telephones - main lines in use, Telephones - mobile cellular, Telephone system, Broadcast media, Internet country code, Internet hosts, Internet user transportation 등을 수집한다.여덟째, 항공(Airport)은 Airports - with paved runways, Airports - with unpaved runways, Heliports, Pipelines, Railways, Roadways, Merchant marine, Ports and terminals 등에 관한 정보를 정리한다.아홉째, 군사(Military)는 Military branches, Military service age and obligation, Manpower available for military service, Manpower fit for military service, Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually, Military expenditures 등으로 파악한다.마지막으로 초국가적 이슈(Transnational issues)는 Disputes - international, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Trafficking in persons 등이며 해당 정보를 통해 글로벌 국가간의 역학관계를 평가할 수 있다. – 계속 - 민진규 <국가정보전략연구소장> stmin@hotmail.com▲국가정보전략연구소장 민진규(출처 : iNIS)